Refractive surgery is a life-changing medical procedure that corrects vision problems like nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. By reshaping the cornea or replacing the eye’s natural lens, these surgeries reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses.
In India, where millions struggle with vision issues, refractive surgery has become increasingly popular due to advancements in technology and affordability. This guide covers everything you need to know—types of procedures, benefits, risks, costs, and recovery—to help you make an informed decision.
What Is Refractive Surgery?
Refractive surgery refers to various surgical techniques designed to improve the eye’s focusing ability. The two most common approaches are corneal-based procedures (like LASIK) and lens-based procedures (like refractive lens surgery).
The goal is to adjust how light enters the eye, ensuring it focuses correctly on the retina for clear vision. While refractive eye surgery is highly effective, not everyone is a suitable candidate. Factors like age, eye health, and prescription stability play a crucial role in determining eligibility.
Types of Refractive Surgery
1. LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis)
LASIK is the most popular refractive surgery worldwide. It involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, reshaping the underlying tissue with a laser, and repositioning the flap.
Pros:
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Quick recovery (24-48 hours)
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Minimal discomfort
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High success rate
Cons:
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Not suitable for thin corneas
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Risk of dry eyes
2. PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy)
PRK is an older alternative to LASIK, where the outer corneal layer is removed entirely before laser reshaping.
Pros:
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Suitable for thin corneas
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No risk of flap complications
Cons:
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Longer recovery (up to a week)
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More discomfort initially
3. SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction)
A newer, bladeless procedure where a small lens-shaped tissue is removed through a tiny incision.
Pros:
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Less dry eye risk than LASIK
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No corneal flap
Cons:
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Limited availability in India
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Higher cost
4. Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE)
Also known as refractive lens surgery, RLE replaces the eye’s natural lens with an artificial one, similar to cataract surgery.
Pros:
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Effective for high prescriptions
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Prevents future cataracts
Cons:
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Invasive compared to LASIK
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Longer recovery
Who Is a Good Candidate?
Not everyone qualifies for refractive surgery. Ideal candidates:
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Are over 18 years old
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Have stable vision for at least a year
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Have healthy corneas
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Are free from severe dry eye or other eye diseases
Benefits of Refractive Surgery
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Reduced dependence on glasses/contacts
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Improved quality of life
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Quick procedure (15-30 minutes per eye)
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Long-lasting results
Risks and Complications
While generally safe, possible risks include:
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Dry eyes
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Night vision issues (halos, glare)
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Undercorrection/overcorrection
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Rare infections
Cost of Refractive Surgery in India
Prices vary based on the procedure:
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LASIK: ₹25,000 – ₹60,000 per eye
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SMILE: ₹50,000 – ₹80,000 per eye
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RLE: ₹60,000 – ₹1,20,000 per eye
Many hospitals offer EMI options, making it affordable.
Recovery and Aftercare
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Avoid rubbing your eyes
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Use prescribed eye drops
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Wear sunglasses outdoors
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Attend follow-up appointments
Conclusion
Refractive surgery can be a game-changer for those tired of glasses or contacts. Whether you opt for LASIK, SMILE, or refractive lens surgery, understanding the process, risks, and benefits ensures a successful outcome. Consult an experienced ophthalmologist to determine the best option for your vision needs.
